Gonioscopy
Gonioscopy is a specialized diagnostic procedure used to assess the anatomy and patency of the iridocorneal angle, which is the junction between the iris and cornea in the anterior chamber of the eye. This examination is crucial for diagnosing and managing various forms of glaucoma and other ocular conditions affecting aqueous outflow.
Purpose and Indications
The primary purpose of gonioscopy is to evaluate the anterior chamber angle and identify any abnormalities or blockages that may predispose an individual to angle-closure or open-angle glaucoma. It is indicated in cases of suspected narrow angles, ocular hypertension, or glaucoma, as well as for monitoring disease progression and treatment response.
Conducting the Examination
During gonioscopy, a specialized lens called a gonioscope is placed on the surface of the eye after instilling a topical anesthetic. The gonioscope provides a magnified view of the iridocorneal angle, allowing the examiner to visualize the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm’s canal, and other structures.
Interpretation and Findings
Gonioscopic findings are classified based on the degree of angle openness, ranging from wide-open angles to closed angles. Abnormalities such as peripheral anterior synechiae, angle recession, or angle-closure configurations may be observed, guiding treatment decisions and prognosis.
Clinical Significance
Gonioscopy is essential for diagnosing and managing glaucoma, as well as assessing the risk of angle closure in predisposed individuals. Early detection of angle abnormalities allows for timely intervention to prevent vision loss and preserve ocular health.
